CONDUIT AND TUNNEL SPILLWAY

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CONDUIT AND TUNNEL SPILLWAY






It is a spillway in the form of a closed channel used to convey the discharge around or under the dam. The closed channel may take the form of vertical or inclined shaft, a horizontal tunnel through earth or rock, or a conduit constructed in open cut and back filled with earth materials. Most form of control structures can be used with conduit and tunnel spillways. Ample aeration must be provided in this spillway in order to prevent a make-and-break symphonic action which would result if some part of the tunnel or conduit tends to seal temporarily because of an exhaustion of air caused by surging of the water jet, or by wave action or backwater to guarantee free flow in the tunnel, the ratio of the flow area to the total tunnel area is often limited to about 75%. Air vents may be provided at critical points along the tunnel or conduits to insure an adequate air supply which will avoid unsteady flow through the spillway.




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