Theobromine poisoning: Chemists with the USDA are investigating the use of theobromine as a toxicant to control coyotes that prey on livestock. Humans are also susceptible to chocolate poisoning if enough is ingested. The lethal dose is placed at around 6.15 kg.
For Humans
Cocoa beans contain about 1.2% theobromine by weight, while processed chocolate, in general, has smaller amounts. The amount found in highly refined chocolate candies (typically 1.4–2.1 g/kgor 40–60 mg/oz) is much lower than that of dark chocolate or unsweetened baker's chocolate (> 14 g/kg or > 400 mg/oz). In general, the amount of theobromine found in chocolate is small enough such that chocolate can be safely consumed by humans. However, occasional serious side effects may result from the consumption of large quantities, especially in the elderly.
For Animals
In dogs, the half-life of theobromine is 17.5 hours; in severe cases, clinical symptoms of theobromine poisoning can persist for 72 hours. Medical treatment performed by a veterinarian involves inducing vomiting within two hours of ingestion and administration of benzodiazepines or barbiturates for seizures, antiarrhythmics for heart arrhythmias, and fluid diuresis. Theobromine is also suspected to induce right atrial cardiomyopathy after long term exposure at levels equivalent to ~15 g of dark chocolate per kg of weight and per day. A typical 20 kg (44 lb) dog will normally experience intestinal distress after eating less than 240 g (8.5 oz) of dark chocolate, but won't necessarily experience bradycardia or tachyarrhythmia unless it eats at least 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) of milk chocolate. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, baker's chocolate of approximately 1.3 g/kg (0.02 oz/lb) of a dog's body weight is sufficient to cause symptoms of toxicity. For example, 2.25-ounce (64 g) of baker's chocolate would be enough to produce symptoms in a 20-pound (9.1 kg) dog; however, other types of chocolate (such as milk chocolate candies) contain significantly less theombromine and so require the dog to ingest more before showing symptoms.
Chemists with the USDA are investigating the use of theobromine as a toxicant to control coyotes that prey on livestock.
The two toxic substances in Chocolate are Caffeine and Theobromine.
LD50 - Theobromine ~ 1000 mg/kg
LD50 - Caffeine ~ 175 mg/kg
Theobromine 1.3% in chocolate
Caffeine 0.02% in chocolate
Therefore Theobromine is the most dangerous toxin in chocolate.
Given an average weight of a human of 80kg
LD50 theobromine = 80,000 mg
6.15 Kg of chocolate would kill half of people of average weight
Those massive bars of cadburys dairy milk are 200g - so approx 31 of those would have a 50% chance of killing you of theobromine poisoning if you are of average weight.
Source
Reference:
Gennaro, M. C.; Abrigo, C. (1992). "Caffeine and theobromine in coffee, tea and cola-beverages". Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 343 (6): 523–525. doi:10.1007/BF00322162.ISSN 0937-0633.
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For Humans
Cocoa beans contain about 1.2% theobromine by weight, while processed chocolate, in general, has smaller amounts. The amount found in highly refined chocolate candies (typically 1.4–2.1 g/kgor 40–60 mg/oz) is much lower than that of dark chocolate or unsweetened baker's chocolate (> 14 g/kg or > 400 mg/oz). In general, the amount of theobromine found in chocolate is small enough such that chocolate can be safely consumed by humans. However, occasional serious side effects may result from the consumption of large quantities, especially in the elderly.
For Animals
In dogs, the half-life of theobromine is 17.5 hours; in severe cases, clinical symptoms of theobromine poisoning can persist for 72 hours. Medical treatment performed by a veterinarian involves inducing vomiting within two hours of ingestion and administration of benzodiazepines or barbiturates for seizures, antiarrhythmics for heart arrhythmias, and fluid diuresis. Theobromine is also suspected to induce right atrial cardiomyopathy after long term exposure at levels equivalent to ~15 g of dark chocolate per kg of weight and per day. A typical 20 kg (44 lb) dog will normally experience intestinal distress after eating less than 240 g (8.5 oz) of dark chocolate, but won't necessarily experience bradycardia or tachyarrhythmia unless it eats at least 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) of milk chocolate. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, baker's chocolate of approximately 1.3 g/kg (0.02 oz/lb) of a dog's body weight is sufficient to cause symptoms of toxicity. For example, 2.25-ounce (64 g) of baker's chocolate would be enough to produce symptoms in a 20-pound (9.1 kg) dog; however, other types of chocolate (such as milk chocolate candies) contain significantly less theombromine and so require the dog to ingest more before showing symptoms.
Chemists with the USDA are investigating the use of theobromine as a toxicant to control coyotes that prey on livestock.
The two toxic substances in Chocolate are Caffeine and Theobromine.
LD50 - Theobromine ~ 1000 mg/kg
LD50 - Caffeine ~ 175 mg/kg
Theobromine 1.3% in chocolate
Caffeine 0.02% in chocolate
Therefore Theobromine is the most dangerous toxin in chocolate.
Given an average weight of a human of 80kg
LD50 theobromine = 80,000 mg
6.15 Kg of chocolate would kill half of people of average weight
Those massive bars of cadburys dairy milk are 200g - so approx 31 of those would have a 50% chance of killing you of theobromine poisoning if you are of average weight.
Source
Reference:
Gennaro, M. C.; Abrigo, C. (1992). "Caffeine and theobromine in coffee, tea and cola-beverages". Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 343 (6): 523–525. doi:10.1007/BF00322162.ISSN 0937-0633.
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