Design Factors of WSN
WSN vary from conventional networks in many ways; with scarce energy and other resources limited by size and cost, WSN face a lot of challenges during its design. These challenges are vastly surveyed and investigated by various researchers. Some of the technical challenges posed by WSN are highlighted below.
Energy conservation is the prime issue in design of WSN carefully analyzed. The lack of energy or physical damage to sensors is frequent event in sensor networks, requiring WSN to be fault tolerant. It also affects the optimization of routing protocols and algorithms based on energy-efficient routes. Memory limitations and data redundancy encourage optimization of processing at local nodes. Cost, size and age factor have to be catered for single nodes to justify overall expense, expanse and expiry of the network. Deployment and its maintenance in network topology control have to be seen, specifically in the unattended and unreachable environments. Coverage of and by the networks is an application oriented challenge which is evaluated by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Few dynamic WSN applications also challenge to handle mobility of nodes. Automatic configuration and reconfiguration is necessary for remote randomly placed or mobile nodes. Security issue emerges as a consequence of wireless communication. It includes, apart from the typical security issues; privacy, availability, authentication, integrity and denial of service. Scalability issue arises due to large number of redundant nodes and also due to heterogeneity, thus, WSN must accommodate new schemes. Heterogeneity promotes adaptable, scalable, generic and reflective middlewares. Quality of service is the most demanding issue and it is grasped by identifying and overcoming the challenges which are most likely to affect the application or objective of the wireless sensor network.
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