A service reservoir has four main functions:
I. To balance the fluctuating demand from the distribution system, permitting the source to give a
steady or differently phased output.
II. To give a suitable pressure for the distribution system and reduce pressure fluctuations therein.
Ill. To provide a supply during a failure or shutdown of treatment plant, pumps or trunk main leading to the reservoir.
IV. To provide a reserve of water to meet fire and other emergency demands.
•!• It is seldom possible or economic for a source to give a fluctuating output in step with demand.
Treatment processes need to be run 24 hours a day with only infrequent, carefully controlled changes of output. Pumps need to be run near their design point for maximum efficiency, whilst electricity tariffs may influence their running times; it is not economic for a long supply main to have an overlarge capacity simply to meet the peak demand of a few hours duration.
A technical and economic study of the capital and operating costs of the various options available should take place, including deciding where the reservoir should be sited. The reservoir minimum water level should generally be just high enough to maintain the required minimum pressures in the distribution system at- peak flows.
I. To balance the fluctuating demand from the distribution system, permitting the source to give a
steady or differently phased output.
II. To give a suitable pressure for the distribution system and reduce pressure fluctuations therein.
Ill. To provide a supply during a failure or shutdown of treatment plant, pumps or trunk main leading to the reservoir.
IV. To provide a reserve of water to meet fire and other emergency demands.
•!• It is seldom possible or economic for a source to give a fluctuating output in step with demand.
Treatment processes need to be run 24 hours a day with only infrequent, carefully controlled changes of output. Pumps need to be run near their design point for maximum efficiency, whilst electricity tariffs may influence their running times; it is not economic for a long supply main to have an overlarge capacity simply to meet the peak demand of a few hours duration.
A technical and economic study of the capital and operating costs of the various options available should take place, including deciding where the reservoir should be sited. The reservoir minimum water level should generally be just high enough to maintain the required minimum pressures in the distribution system at- peak flows.
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